The Practical Method: Wudhu, Ghusl, Salaah and Tayammum

Manners of entering and leaving the bathroom

The bathroom is treated differently to the rest of the house, because impurity and the remembrance of Allah do not sit well together. Small habits, such as covering the head, wearing something on the feet, and entering and leaving with a particular foot, are a way of carrying that awareness into an ordinary daily routine.

A short dua is recited before entering and another after leaving. Reciting Qur'an or any other dua is left for outside the bathroom itself.

1. Cover your head before entering the bathroom.
2. Wear something on your feet. Do not enter barefoot.
3. Remove anything that carries the name of Allah on it, such as jewellery, before entering.
4. Choose a spot where you cannot be seen while relieving yourself, especially when travelling.
5. Before entering, recite bismillah, then this dua: Allaahumma inni a'oozu bika minal khubthi wal khaba'ith. In your own words: O Allah, keep me safe from harmful unseen beings, male and female.
6. Step in with your left foot.
7. Squat to relieve yourself.
8. Take care that no urine splashes onto your clothing or body.
9. Make istinjaa after relieving yourself.
10. Step out with your right foot.
11. Recite this dua on leaving: Ghufraanaka, alhamdu lillaahil lazi azhaba 'annil azaa wa 'aafaani. In your own words: I ask Your forgiveness, O Allah. All praise is Yours, You have removed my discomfort and given me relief.
12. Wash your hands after leaving the bathroom.
13. If you use a raised pan toilet, watch for splashes from the bowl. Any splash that reaches your clothes or body must be washed off before salaah, otherwise the salaah will not be valid.

Istinjaa: cleaning yourself after using the bathroom

Istinjaa is the thorough cleaning of the private parts after using the bathroom, the step that makes the body ready for wudhu.

1. Understand istinjaa as washing the private parts properly after relieving yourself.
2. After urinating, wait until every last drop has come out before washing.
3. Use clean water for istinjaa.
4. Pour the water with your right hand and clean with your left hand.

Habits to avoid in the bathroom

1. Do not enter the bathroom bareheaded.
2. Do not enter the bathroom barefoot.
3. Do not stand while urinating.
4. Do not face the Qiblah or turn your back to it while relieving yourself.
5. Do not eat, drink or talk in the bathroom.
6. Do not read books, magazines or anything else in the bathroom.
7. Do not recite any verse of the Qur'an or any dua while inside the bathroom.
8. Do not relieve yourself under a shading tree, in a swimming pool, on a roadside, on a pathway or in any other public place.

The six faraa'idh: what makes wudhu valid

These six actions are compulsory. Missing even one of them means the wudhu did not take place, no matter how carefully the rest was performed.

1. Make the intention (niyyah) to perform the compulsory acts of wudhu.
2. Wash your entire face once.
3. Wash both arms once, up to and including the elbows.
4. Wipe (make masah of) a portion of your head once.
5. Wash both feet once, up to and including the ankles.
6. Perform these limbs in this order: face, arms, head, then feet.

The Sunnah method, step by step

Beyond the six faraa'idh, this is the fuller method the Prophet, peace be upon him, is reported to have followed, and which is taught in full in class.

1. Sit in a clean place.
2. Face the Qiblah.
3. Make the intention: I am making wudhu.
4. Recite the dua before starting: A'oozu billahi minash shaytaanir rajeem. In your own words: I seek Allah's protection from shaytaan, the rejected one.
5. Then recite: Bismillahir rahmaanir raheem. In your own words: In the name of Allah, the Most Kind, the Most Merciful.
6. Wash both hands up to and including the wrists, three times.
7. Clean your teeth with a miswaak or something similarly rough, held in the right hand.
8. Start brushing from the right side of the mouth, moving sideways across the teeth.
9. Brush your tongue from base to tip.
10. Take a handful of water in your right hand and use some of it to rinse your mouth, without using all of it.
11. Put the water left in your hand into your nose.
12. Clean the inside of your nose using the small finger and thumb of your left hand.
13. Repeat the mouth rinse and nose clean three times in total.
14. Renew your intention before washing your face.
15. Wash your face three times, making sure water covers the whole area from the hairline to below the chin and from ear to ear.
16. Take a handful of water in your right hand and pass it through your beard.
17. Work the water through the beard from underneath, moving upward toward the chin.
18. While doing this, recite: Allahumagh firlee zambee wa wassi' lee fi daari wa baarik lee fi rizqee. In your own words: O Allah, forgive my sins, make room for me in my home, and bless my livelihood.
19. Wash the right forearm three times, from the fingers up to and including the elbow.
20. Wash the left forearm three times, from the fingers up to and including the elbow.
21. Wet both hands and fingers, then wipe them over the entire head, from the forehead back to the nape and returning to where you started.
22. Repeat the head wipe three times, using fresh water each time.
23. Wet your index fingers and thumbs.
24. Wipe the inside of both ears at the same time with your index fingers.
25. Wipe the back of both ears at the same time with your thumbs.
26. Repeat the ear wipe three times.
27. Wash the right foot three times, up to and including the ankle.
28. Wash the left foot three times, up to and including the ankle.
29. Wet the little finger of your left hand and pass it between your toes, starting from the small toe of the right foot and finishing at the small toe of the left foot.
30. Wudhu is now complete. Recite: Ash hadu allaa ilaaha illal laahu wahdahu laa shareeka lahu wa ash hadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasuluhu. Allahummaj'alnee minat tawwaabeena waj'alnee minal mutatahhireen. In your own words: I bear witness there is no god but Allah, alone, without partner, and that Muhammad, peace be upon him, is His servant and messenger. O Allah, make me one of those who turn back to You and one of those who keep themselves pure.
31. It is recommended to follow wudhu with two rakaat of Tahiyyatul Wudhu.

The two faraa'idh: what makes ghusl valid

Only two actions are compulsory for ghusl to count. Everything else in the method below is recommended good practice built up around them.

1. Make the intention (niyyah) for ghusl.
2. Pour water over your entire body, making sure not even a single hair or patch of skin is left dry.

The Sunnah method of ghusl

1. Make the intention: I am making ghusl to remove major impurity.
2. Wash both hands up to the wrists, the right hand first, then the left.
3. Wash off any impurity on your body.
4. Wash the private parts and the surrounding area, between the navel and the knees.
5. Perform a complete Sunnah wudhu, as described for wudhu.
6. Pour water over your head three times.
7. Rub your hair, scalp and beard as the water is poured.
8. Pour water over your right shoulder three times.
9. Rub your body as the water runs, making sure it reaches everywhere.
10. Pour water over your left shoulder three times.
11. Rub your body again, making sure the water reaches everywhere.

The method of tayammum

1. Face the Qiblah.
2. Recite bismillah.
3. Make the intention, naming what you are performing tayammum for, for example: I am performing tayammum to pray salaah.
4. Strike both hands on clean soil with your fingers spread apart.
5. Shake your hands to remove the excess sand.
6. Wipe both hands over your entire face, from the hairline to below the chin and from ear to ear, making sure every part is covered.
7. Strike both hands on the soil again.
8. Shake your hands to remove the excess sand.
9. Wipe your left hand over your right arm, from the fingertips up to and including the elbow.
10. Wipe your right hand over your left arm, from the fingertips up to and including the elbow.
11. Pass your fingers between each other to clean between them (khilaal).

One strict rule: nothing may be left unwiped

Leaving even an area the size of a single hair unwiped means the tayammum did not take place, and it must be repeated before praying.

The 17 arkaan: the compulsory acts of salaah

If any one of these seventeen is left out, the salaah is not valid and must be performed again.

1. Niyyah: make the intention.
2. Qiyaam: stand upright.
3. Takbeeratul Ihraam: the opening Allahu Akbar that begins the salaah.
4. Qira'ah: recite bismillah and Surah al-Fatiha.
5. Ruku: bow.
6. Itminaan: pause briefly in ruku.
7. I'tidaal: rise back to standing after ruku.
8. Itminaan: pause briefly in that standing position.
9. Sajdah: prostrate.
10. Itminaan: pause briefly in sajdah.
11. Sit between the two sajdahs.
12. Itminaan: pause briefly in that sitting position.
13. Qa'dah Akheerah: the final sitting.
14. Recite the Tashahhud in the final sitting.
15. Recite Durood (Allahumma salli 'ala Muhammad) after the Tashahhud.
16. End the salaah with salaam.
17. Tarteeb: perform all of the above in this exact order.

Standing to begin: niyyah, qiyaam and the opening takbeer

1. Make the intention naming the salaah, for example: I am performing two rakaat fardh of Fajr.
2. For men: stand with the feet a hand span apart, parallel and facing the Qiblah.
3. For men: raise both hands so the fingertips are level with the tops of the ears, the thumbs level with the earlobes and the palms level with the shoulders, fingers held naturally apart.
4. For men: look at the place where the forehead will touch the ground in sajdah.
5. For women: stand with the feet apart, facing the Qiblah.
6. For women: raise the hands to the level of the ears, keeping them concealed under the outer garment.
7. For women: look at the place of sajdah.
8. Say Allahu Akbar to open the salaah (Takbeeratul Ihraam).
9. Place the right hand over the left wrist, above the navel and below the chest, wrapping the fingers of the right hand around the left forearm.
10. Recite the opening dua, Du'aa ul Istiftaah: Wajjahtu wajhiya lilladhi fataras samaawaati wal ardha haneefam muslimaa, wamaa ana minal mushrikeen, inna salaatee wa nusukee wa mahyaaya wa mamaatee lil laahi rabbil 'aalameen, laa shareeka lahu, wa bidhaalika umirtu wa ana minal muslimeen. In your own words: I turn my face toward the One who created the heavens and the earth, sincerely and away from all that is false, and I am not among those who set up partners with Allah. My prayer, my sacrifice, my life and my death all belong to Allah, Lord of everything that exists. He has no partner. This is what I have been commanded, and I am among those who submit to Him.

The recitation: qira'ah

1. Recite ta'awwuz: A'oozu billahi minash shaytaanir rajeem. In your own words: I seek Allah's protection from shaytaan, the rejected one.
2. Recite bismillah: Bismillahir rahmaanir raheem. In your own words: In the name of Allah, the Most Kind, the Most Merciful.
3. Recite Surah al-Fatiha, followed by another surah or a passage of the Qur'an.

Ruku: bowing

1. Say Allahu Akbar and raise your hands as you go down into ruku.
2. For men: grip your knees with your fingers spread apart, keeping your back and head level and in a straight line, and your shins and thighs straight.
3. For men: look at the place of sajdah.
4. For women: bend so that the body is gently hunched, keeping the arms close to the sides.
5. For women: grip the knees with the fingers spread apart and look at the place of sajdah.
6. Recite three times: Subhaana rabbiyal 'adheem wabi hamdihi. In your own words: Glory belongs to my Lord, the Great, and all praise is His.
7. Pause in ruku for at least the time it takes to say subhanallah once (itminaan).

I'tidaal: rising from ruku

1. Rise to the upright standing position, reciting while rising: Samee' Allahu liman hamidah. In your own words: Allah hears whoever praises Him.
2. Raise your hands to shoulder level as you rise.
3. Once upright, recite: Allahumma Rabbanaa wa lakal hamd. In your own words: O Allah, our Lord, all praise belongs to You.
4. Pause upright for at least the time it takes to say subhanallah once (itminaan).

Sajdah: prostration

1. Say Allahu Akbar and go down into sajdah.
2. For men: place the knees down first, then the palms, then the nose and forehead.
3. For men: keep the hands in line with the shoulders, fingers pointing toward the Qiblah, the stomach held clear of the thighs, the arms held away from the sides, the eyes on the place of sajdah, and the feet upright and spread apart.
4. For women: follow the same order, but keep the elbows touching the sides and the stomach touching the thighs.
5. Recite three times: Subhaana rabbiyal a'ala wabi hamdihi. In your own words: Glory belongs to my Lord, the Most High, and all praise is His.
6. Pause in sajdah for at least the time it takes to say subhanallah once (itminaan).

Jalsa: sitting between the two sajdahs

1. Say Allahu Akbar and sit up in the position called iftiraash.
2. Spread the left foot flat and sit on it, keeping the right foot upright with the toes pointing toward the Qiblah.
3. Rest your fingers on your thighs near the knees, pointing toward the Qiblah.
4. Recite: Rabbigh fir lee war hamnee, waj burnee war fa'nee, war zuqnee wah dinee, wa'aafinee wa'fu 'annee. In your own words: My Lord, forgive me, have mercy on me, make up what I have lost, raise my standing, provide for me, guide me, keep me safe and pardon me.
5. Pause in this sitting position for at least the time it takes to say subhanallah once (itminaan).
6. Say Allahu Akbar and go into the second sajdah, repeating the same actions and dua as the first sajdah.

Rising for the next rakaat

Between finishing the first rakaat and standing for the second, there is a brief, supported pause.

1. Say Allahu Akbar and sit briefly, for at least the time it takes to say subhanallah once, in the same position as jalsa. This is called Jalsah Istiraahah.
2. Place your palms on the ground and use them to help you stand.
3. Continue saying Allahu Akbar from the sajdah position through to standing upright.
4. Perform the second rakaat the same way as the first, but do not repeat the opening Du'aa ul Istiftaah.

Completing a two rakaat salaah: tashahhud, durood and salaam

1. After the second sajdah of the final rakaat, sit in the position called tawarruk: the left foot spread out on its side beneath the upright right foot, sitting on the left buttock on the ground.
2. Recite the Tashahhud: Attahiyyaatul mubaarakaatus salawaatut tayyibaatu lillahi, assalamu 'alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wabarakaatuh, assalamu 'alaynaa wa 'alaa 'ibaadillahis saaliheen, ash hadu allaa ilaaha illal laahu wa ash hadu anna Muhammadar rasulullah. In your own words: every act of worship, whether in words, in the body or in wealth, belongs to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.
3. While reciting the testimony of faith, close the small, ring and middle fingers, keep the index finger extended with the thumb resting against its side, then raise the index finger at the words 'illal laah' and keep your gaze on it until the end of the salaah.
4. Recite Durood-e-Ibrahim: Allahumma salli 'ala Sayyidina Muhammad wa 'alaa aali Muhammad, kamaa sallayta 'alaa Ibraheema wa 'alaa aali Ibraheema wa baarik 'ala Muhammad wa 'alaa aali Muhammad, kamaa baarakta 'alaa Ibraheema wa 'alaa aali Ibraheema fil 'aalameena innaka hameedum majeed. In your own words: O Allah, send mercy upon the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, and his family, as You sent mercy upon Ibrahim and his family, and bless Muhammad and his family as You blessed Ibrahim and his family, throughout all the worlds. You are truly praiseworthy and glorious.
5. It is Sunnah to follow this with the dua: Allahumaghfirlee maa qadamtu wa maa akhartu, wa maa asrartu wa maa a'alantu, wa maa asraftu wa maa anta a'alamu bihi minnee, antal muqaddimu wa antal mu'akhkhiru, laa ilaaha illa anta. In your own words: O Allah, forgive what I have already done and what I will still do, what I have hidden and what I have shown, what I have overdone, and everything about me that You know better than I do. You bring forward and You hold back. There is no god but You.
6. Turn your head to the right and say: Assalamu 'alaikum wa rahmatullah. In your own words: peace and Allah's mercy be upon you. Keep your chest facing the Qiblah as you turn your head.
7. Return your head to face forward, then turn your head to the left and repeat: Assalamu 'alaikum wa rahmatullah.

Salaah of three or four rakaat

For prayers longer than two rakaat, the middle of the salaah changes before it continues.

1. After the second rakaat, sit in the jalsa position, the same sitting used between the two sajdahs.
2. Recite the Tashahhud and, in fardh salaah, only the short Durood (Allahumma salli 'ala Muhammad), without the longer Durood-e-Ibrahim or the closing dua.
3. Say Allahu Akbar and stand for the third rakaat, using your hands for support.
4. Raise your hands to shoulder level once you are standing upright. This raising of the hands after the first sitting is called Raf'a Yadain.
5. In fardh salaah, recite ta'awwuz, bismillah and Surah al-Fatiha only in the third and fourth rakaat, without an additional surah.
6. In sunnah and witr salaah, also recite a surah after al-Fatiha in the third and fourth rakaat.
7. Complete the ruku, standing, sajdah and jalsa for each remaining rakaat as already described.
8. Sit for the Qa'dah Akheerah after the final rakaat and finish the salaah as already described.

Witr Salaah

Witr is prayed after the fardh of Esha and before Fajr, never earlier. It is Sunnat-e-Muakkadah, a strongly emphasised Sunnah.

1. Begin the salaah as usual for the first rakaat.
2. After Surah al-Fatiha in the first rakaat, it is Sunnah to recite Surah al-A'la.
3. After Surah al-Fatiha in the second rakaat, recite Surah al-Kaafiroon, then complete the second rakaat with salaam.
4. Say Allahu Akbar to begin the third rakaat.
5. After Surah al-Fatiha in the third rakaat, recite Surah al-Ikhlaas, Surah al-Falaq and Surah an-Naas, then complete the rakaat with ruku, sajdah, the final sitting and salaam.
6. From the sixteenth night of Ramadaan to the end of Ramadaan, recite Qunoot while standing in the third rakaat of Witr. Qunoot is also recited daily in the second rakaat of Fajr.

The method of Qunoot

Qunoot is a standing dua recited after rising from ruku. When led by an imam, the followers say aameen after each line.

1. On rising from ruku into the standing position, raise the hands to shoulder level with the palms facing you, leaving a gap between them so the place of sajdah is still visible.
2. Recite the dua of Qunoot: Allahummah dinee feeman hadayt, wa 'aafinee fiman 'aafayt, wa tawallanee feeman tawallait, wa baarik lee feema a'tayt, wa qinee sharra maa qadhayt, fa innaka taqdhee wa laa yuqdhaa 'alayk, wa innahu laa yazillu maw waalayt, wa laa ya'izzu man 'aadayt, tabaarakta rabbanaa wa ta'aalayt, falakal hamdu 'alaa maa qadhayt, astaghfiruka wa atoobu ilayk, wa sallallaahu 'alaa Sayyidinaa Muhammadin wa 'alaa aalihee wa sahbihi wa sallam. In your own words: O Allah, guide me among those You have guided, keep me well among those You have kept well, take me as a friend among those You have taken as friends, bless me in what You have given me, and protect me from the harm of what You have decreed, for You decide and none decides over You. Whoever You befriend is never humbled, and whoever You oppose is never honoured. Blessed and exalted are You, our Lord. All praise is Yours for what You have decreed. I ask Your forgiveness and I turn back to You, and may Allah send blessings on our master Muhammad, his family and his companions, and grant them peace.
3. After this dua, say aameen, lower your hands to your sides and go into sajdah to complete the salaah.

Sajdatut Tilaawah: the prostration of recitation

This is a single sajdah made on reading or hearing one of the fourteen verses of sajdah in the Qur'an. It is Sunnah, and it is performed in wudhu.

The verse of sajdah in Surah Saad is treated differently. Prostrating there is Sajdatush Shukr, a prostration of gratitude, not Sajdatut Tilaawah.

1. Face the Qiblah.
2. Make the intention: I am making Sajdatut Tilaawah.
3. Say Allahu Akbar and raise your hands as the opening takbeer.
4. Say Allahu Akbar again and go into sajdah.
5. Recite three times: Subhaana rabbiyal a'ala wabi hamdihi. In your own words: Glory belongs to my Lord, the Most High, and all praise is His.
6. Say Allahu Akbar and sit as you would in the final sitting of salaah.
7. Make salaam.
8. If a sajdah verse is read during salaah itself, go straight into sajdah at that point, then stand back up and continue the recitation.

What calls for Sajdatus Sahwu

Sajdatus Sahwu is two extra sajdahs made when one of the seven emphasised Sunnahs of salaah, the Ab'aadh, is missed by mistake. Missing any other Sunnah of salaah does not require it.

The seven are: reciting Qunoot in Fajr salaah every day and in Witr during the second half of Ramadaan, reciting Qunoot while standing, sending Durood on the family and companions of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, at the end of Qunoot, sitting for the first Qa'dah in a three or four rakaat salaah, reciting the Tashahhud in that first sitting, sending Durood on the Prophet in that same sitting, and sending Durood on the Prophet and his family in the final Qa'dah.

The method of Sajdatus Sahwu

1. In the final Qa'dah, recite the Tashahhud, Durood-e-Ibrahim and the closing dua as usual.
2. Before the salaam, make two sajdahs.
3. Sit again and make both salaams to complete the salaah.

Eid Salaah

Eid salaah is prayed on Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha, with twelve extra takbeers beyond an ordinary two rakaat salaah. It is Sunnat-e-Muakkadah.

1. Make the intention: I am performing two rakaat of Eid-ul-Fitr (or Eid-ul-Adha) with twelve extra takbeers.
2. Say Allahu Akbar to open the salaah.
3. Fold your hands and recite Du'aa e Istiftaah.
4. Raise your hands while saying Allahu Akbar, then fold them again.
5. Repeat this raising and folding seven times in the first rakaat, pausing between each takbeer to recite any dhikr, for example: Subhaanallahi walhamdulillahi wa laa ilaaha illallahu wallahu akbar. In your own words: glory belongs to Allah, praise belongs to Allah, there is no god but Allah, and Allah is the greatest.
6. Complete the first rakaat as normal, with qira'ah, ruku and sajdah.
7. In the second rakaat, say Allahu Akbar, raise your hands and fold them, repeating this five times.
8. Recite bismillah, Surah al-Fatiha and a surah, then complete the salaah as normal.
9. It is Sunnah to recite Surah al-A'la in the first rakaat and Surah al-Ghaashiyah in the second.
10. After the salaah, the imam makes dua and then delivers two khutbahs, which it is necessary to listen to.

Salaah of a Masbooq: joining a prayer already in progress

A masbooq is someone who joins the congregation after the imam has already completed one or more rakaat.

1. Say Allahu Akbar on joining.
2. Fold your hands.
3. Stand still for at least the time it takes to say subhanallah once, then join the imam in whatever posture he is in.
4. If the imam is standing, recite Du'aa e Istiftaah, bismillah and Surah al-Fatiha. If he goes into ruku while you are still reciting, and you know you will not be able to finish al-Fatiha before he rises from ruku, follow him into ruku rather than finishing it.
5. Join the congregation without delay.
6. A rakaat you join before or during the imam's ruku still counts and does not need to be repeated.
7. A rakaat you join only after the imam's ruku, for example while he is rising or in sajdah, does not count and must be made up afterward.
8. Once the imam makes the first salaam, you can no longer join the congregation.
9. Stand to make up your missed rakaat only after the imam has made both salaams.
10. If you missed one rakaat: recite ta'awwuz, bismillah, Surah al-Fatiha and a surah, then complete the salaah as usual.
11. If you missed two rakaat of Zuhr, Asr or Esha: recite ta'awwuz, bismillah, Surah al-Fatiha and a surah, then complete both rakaat as usual.
12. If you missed two rakaat of Maghrib: recite ta'awwuz, bismillah, Surah al-Fatiha and a surah, sit for a first Qa'dah after that rakaat's second sajdah, then stand for a third rakaat reciting bismillah, Surah al-Fatiha and a surah, and complete the salaah as usual.
13. If you missed all three rakaat of Maghrib: perform three rakaat exactly as you would pray Maghrib on your own.
14. If you missed three rakaat of Zuhr, Asr or Esha: recite ta'awwuz, bismillah, Surah al-Fatiha and a surah, sit for a first Qa'dah after the second sajdah, then stand for two more rakaat, reciting a surah after al-Fatiha in the first of them only, without sitting in between, and complete the salaah as usual.
15. If you missed all four rakaat: perform four rakaat exactly as you would pray that salaah on your own.

The Salaah Chart: rakaat at a glance

This chart summarises how many rakaat make up each prayer, before and after the fardh. SM means Sunnat-e-Muakkadah, a strongly emphasised Sunnah, and SGM means Sunnat-e-Ghair-Muakkadah, a lightly emphasised one.

1. Fajr: 2 rakaat Sunnah (SM) before the fardh, then 2 rakaat fardh. Total 4 rakaat.
2. Zuhr: 2 rakaat Sunnah (SGM) and 2 rakaat Sunnah (SM) before the fardh, then 4 rakaat fardh, then 2 rakaat Sunnah (SM) and 2 rakaat Sunnah (SGM) after. Total 12 rakaat.
3. Asr: 4 rakaat Sunnah (SGM, prayed as 2 then 2) before the fardh, then 4 rakaat fardh. No Sunnah after. Total 8 rakaat.
4. Maghrib: 2 rakaat Sunnah (SGM) before the fardh, then 3 rakaat fardh, then 2 rakaat Sunnah (SM) after. Total 7 rakaat.
5. Esha: 4 rakaat Sunnah (SGM, prayed as 2 then 2) before the fardh, then 4 rakaat fardh, then 2 rakaat Sunnah (SM) and 3 rakaat Witr (2 then 1) after. Total 13 rakaat.
6. Taraaweeh: 20 rakaat Sunnah (SM), all prayed after the Esha fardh. Total 20 rakaat.
7. Jumuah: 2 rakaat Sunnah (SGM) and 2 rakaat Sunnah (SM) before the fardh, then 2 rakaat fardh, then 2 rakaat Sunnah (SM) after. Total 8 rakaat.
8. Eid: 2 rakaat Sunnah (SM), with no separate fardh, since the Eid salaah itself is Sunnat-e-Muakkadah. Total 2 rakaat.